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It is a field of surgical treatment for children with cerebral anomaly, cerebrovascular dis-ease, brain damage, brain tumors and, spinal cord abnormalities. Typical diseases of the nervous system include encephalocele, craniosynostosis, myelomeningocele, Iipomyelomeningocele, tethered cord syndrome, and congenital dermal sinus tract Encephalocele and myelomeningocele are dis-eases in which nerve tissues wrapped by thin membranes or abnormal skin tissues are ex-posed to the outside of body. Craniosynostosis can be a factor that hinders brain growth, which can lead to impaired brain function or seizures. Lipomyelomeningocele and thickened filum terminale(tethered cord syndrome) prevents the spinal cord from growing normally, causing various symptoms of lower extremities, especially urological infections, which can be transferred o severe infections. Congenital dermal sinus tract is a disease in which abscess can be caught in the spinal cord and cause paralysis if not treated. Cerebrovascular diseases include Moyamoya disease, which can cause cerebral infarction in children, or cerebral arteriovenous malformation, which can cause cerebral hemorrhage. The goal of treatment of pediatric neurosurgery is to provide customized treatment for each disease before it gets worse and prevent it from getting worse.